Feature

Wed 18 Nov 2009, 10:40 am UTC

Skills Q&A: How to stay straight off jumps

By Chris Ford, CycleActive

Chris Ford of bike training and holiday company CycleActive is back to answer your questions about mountain bike skills and technique.

Q: BikeRadar users have written to us asking for tips on how to keep their bikes straight in the air over jumps. Mark Twohey asked: “So, why does the back of my bike kick out sideways when I jump?"

A: First up we need to look at what makes the bike get airborne on a ramp; Then we’ll check the forces that go through the bike; Then we’ll look at how uneven force can make the bike twist. 

Most riders have heard about pump but not everyone knows what we mean by this, or how we use it to jump. Pump is just a mountain bike word for a quick, snappy push into the bike. You can pump in lots of different ways, in different directions, to achieve different things. But in this case we’re concerned with pumping the bike into the face of a jump.

If you look at the picture below you’ll see a slight exaggeration of the rider position as you approach a jump – whether it’s a roller, a tabletop or a natural lip. With forearms low and heels down you are primed to pump the bike in the direction shown by the arrows. You do this just as the bike hits the ramp.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

Below you can see the effect of this pumping force. By driving the bike firmly and rapidly into the ramp, even at a fairly low speed, you create a powerful lifting force. This is the key element for success in any attempt to gain height from jumps, and it's one reason why dirt jumpers ride hardtails – none of their pumping force is soaked up by suspension, so everything is translated into lift.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

In the picture below you can see just how, even at medium speed, you can generate huge lift by pumping. For anyone who struggles to gain lift or finds the nose tends to dive there is usually one main problem – you could be pulling rather than pumping. This is a natural human response to the need to get the front wheel in the air (to lift it up) but actually this just reduces the rebound off the slope. So instead of taking off, the front wheel gets very little lift and starts to come down as the back wheel is still flying.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

So now we get to the question – what makes the bike twist? Well, firstly it could be the result of pulling rather than pumping the bars. Aside from reducing lift, it is hard to pull up with equal force on both hands, and it’s made harder by the wide bars we tend to ride with now. This is why pushing the bars forwards works better as it’s a more natural and easy move, following the position of your forearms to drive the bike into the ramp for an even pump from the top of the bike.

But most important is what happens with your feet. If you look at the two pictures below you will see two contrasting scenarios. If you get your friends to watch you ride, you may quickly recognise one of these. Many riders have their heel down on their lead foot but don’t ensure that they carry enough flex in their trailing foot to get the same position. 

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

In the picture above you see the result – when you pump you can only push through the lead foot, because the trailing foot is toes-down. The result is an uneven force going through the bottom of the bike, creating that twist which may look cool sometimes, until you realise that you can’t switch it off.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

The key is to slow down, take a little time to set up for a jump, and make sure you really flex your ankles, as in the picture above. You can then ensure that the pump is even and the result is a clean, straight takeoff. It may also help to do some calf stretches after each ride (or maybe you stretch after every ride…) to keep them supple.

When you get to the stage in the picture below, the bike is in the air and the feet have levelled out then tipped forward so you can use back-pressure to control the back end of the bike.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps: skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps

We worked on pumping jumps at BikeRadar Live in May 09 with a group of young guys from a bike club. They were getting huge air off our coaching ramps but didn’t know why they always kicked out sideways. Once we worked through it they adapted their approach and in under half an hour we had them tuned up and flying higher and straighter. If you want to develop your jumping skills with the help of a coach, just check out our CycleActive Jumps and Drops courses at forestry trail centres across the UK – full details at www.cycleactive.co.uk.

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Here's an extra image for Simon G and armymankin to illustrate how, by pumping hard through the travel then forwards into the ramp, you can effectively “firm up” the bike and ensure you get extra lift as you push into the face of a jump. The Trek Remedy that Rich rides is pretty impressive when it comes to soaking up anything, but by using this technique he can blow through the first part of the travel and then get a much higher jump.

Skills q&a: how to stay straight off jumps:

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User Comments

There are 19 comments on this post

Showing 1 - 19 of 19 comments

  • thats not a jump, more a curb...

  • Yeah but its a fair amount of air for a curb :-)

    Not to mention it s a tutorial - always best to start small!

  • whats all the fuss about quite frankly if you dont kick the back out its not jumping. i want to see my back wheel out of the corner of my eye when im in the air. ;-)

  • It's not getting airborn I worry about, it's hitting the ground after! ;o)

  • Thanks for the comments. Ben - you're right, we don't use big jumps for coaching and both are just a foot high . One is straight edged, the other is curved to create a bit of extra kick. You can fairly easily jump 3 or 4 foot off the kicker, without hitting it at high speed. That's why we use them for coaching - to illustrate the power of pumping into the face.

    As for hitting the ground, Pinkster, I know you're joking there but on a slightly serious note the usual problems we see with landing comes from poor body position on take off. By pumping to lift you are forcing the bike into the air beneath you, and that upwards force from bike into rider keeps the two tighter together than just riding at a lip, and you therefore stay more flexed and in a better position for a smooth landing.

    Last session I did with a guy on jump skills I had to get out the video gear and prove to him how high he was going because this technique tends to make for really smooth landings, which was the thing he'd been struggling with. I'm not saying you aren't smooth Pinkie ;-) , but for anyone else reading this I hope the additional info is of some use.

  • yawn...

  • rapid_uphill = falls flat on his arse downhill...

  • lol

  • Big Thanks! I know it sounds stupid but keeping a straight line when airborne in the Blue Route in Glentress was my main problem - thus inhibiting me to try more demanding stuff... Now i have a clear idea of where to focus my practicing!!!

  • Cycleactive (or anyone else who thinks that they have the answer)

    Is there any kind of enforced lift/spring/prejump involved after the pump phase of the jump? If i pump hard at the ramp, surely i'm gonna bottom out the suspension and spit myself over the bars as the ramp soaks everything up (this is a rather dramatic description of a possible scenario, but hopefully you get the point)

  • (hands up).... got a question to ask.

    I realise the side twist tail problem too... but I thought we should have to toe down to 'grab' & 'lift' the tail off clear. I know both actions are contradicting each other... or am I doing things wrong?

  • @ Simon G - There is no need to lift the bike off the lip of the jump, as it is the rebound of the front then back wheel as they hit the face that causes the bike to lift. If you scroll up to those basic pictures showing angle of pump and angle of lift, that's what happens with the back wheel as well as the front one. If you also look at the top picture with the angle of pump, you'll notice that you're NOT pushing down into the suspension, but forwards into the face of the jump. This means you are unlikely to bottom out, but even if you do, the effect is not straightforward. One of the pics we took but didn't put up here (but I'll send through to see if we can get it added) was of Rich pumping hard down to quickly blow through the rear travel as he then pushes forwards into the ramp. This is a way of making a full sus bike take off a bit more like a hardtail, as all of the forwards pumping effort is going to be translated into lift, instead of absorbed.

    Finally, just make sure your rear suspension is set up right. The only thing that is likely to ping you over the front is having too little damping, allowing the spring to quickly bounce back and throw you forwards when you perhaps least want it.

    @armymankin - some of the above might be helpful, but the short answer is - no. If you are hopping the bike with no ramp to pump off then you'll need your heels down first as you do a big pumped manual off the ground (same as off a ramp, kind of, but the ground is now your ramp) but as the front wheel comes high you roll the feet over and use the toes down feet to push back and - as you said - grip and lift the back end. You don't need this to get the bike into the air off a jump - if you try to lift the bike you reduce the force into the ramp, which reduces rather than increases the lift. Only when the bike is airborne might you roll the feet forwards to level the bike out by lifting the back end, prior to landing. You'll see Rich's feet doing this in the last shot.

    Does that help? I've gone into a lot of detail but I hope it's clear - if not, let me know and we'll try and get some more pics up to illustrate.

    Chris@CycleActive

  • Chris@cycleactive - This advice certainly adds a new dimension and is quite the oppposite to the way that i have been approaching small jumps and natural lips/kickers over the years (not that i'm a dirt jumper or anything like that). I'll give this technnique a go next time i hit the trails and see how it goes. It's strange to imagine the lift coming so easily without some form of 'upward, pull' or 'pre-jump' - i hope to be amazed! Thanks for the extra clarification - very much appreciated.

  • Chris@CycleActive.

    Big thanks to you for you detail answer. so much detail gone into that split second of movement... i will keep trying

  • Great article. I'm working on this stuff at the moment. I'm a really a beginner at wheels leaving the ground

    First I'll make a point about the physics. If you were stood still and asked you to jump what would you do. Bend your knees get low and push on the ground hard. Obvious really. So its the same on a bike push down to go up. You don't jump in th air by pulling your feet off the ground

    Now for a question. A couple of weeks ago I tried the dual Slalom course at Chicksands. You can just roll down so its good to learn on. I can pump throuh all the lower jumps. No idea if I'm air borne but I'm not feeling unbalanced and a bit out of control like before I learnt to pump.

    The problem I have is the second jump where you go over a drop off. the take off and landing are both slopping down. I just can't imagine pushing forward onto the forks when they are already loaded by my body wait pitched forward onto them. Any advice. I've watched loads of people jump this and its clearly easy, but beyond me at the moment

  • Does anyone do this on a hardtail or am i just asking for a broken frame?

  • This has given me some food for thought as I really struggle to keep contact with the bike once I'm airborne - I'm probably pumping down to much so I go up as the bike takes off - rather than the bike following me.

    That said, How can you pump [i]forward[/i] into a jump/lip/kicker if you're moving forward to start with?

  • Have you tried it clipped in or is it a crime? I rode flats for a while and was happy with jumping and felt pretty confident. However, when on the trails/runs you hit that sudden lip or drop off that you didn't have time to prepare for, this is where clipped in pay's off; as your still in control and feet position is there from the start. I dont find any issues with the bike drifting to one side and definiately dosent fall away when not hitting that take off properly as you can pull the bike up into yourself. Again its just a personal preference worth ago.

  • i really cant believe you asked that, npwell28.

    have you ever heard of dirt jumping, because if you have, you'll notice that they all have full suspension bikes... no, wait.

    im just joking, but full suspension is made to go over rocks and roots faster and smoother. The more you have, the smoother it gets. Think of your jump as a bump. A full sus will try and absorb it.

    Hard tails are really the only option if you want to go down the jump road.

    Of course there is the exception of slopestyle which kinda screws this up, but other than that if you want to jump, go for a hardtail, or something with little rear suspension.

    I hope this helps. (p.s. front suspension is ok, but try and keep it around 100mm for jumping)

  • 1

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