KTM road bikes 2013 launch

<source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=160%2C208, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=320%2C416 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=480%2C624 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=577%2C750 4x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(max-width: 375px)" srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=190%2C247, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=380%2C494 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=570%2C741 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=577%2C750 4x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(max-width: 425px)" srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=215%2C279, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=430%2C559 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=577%2C750 3x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=136%2C176, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=272%2C353 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=408%2C530 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=544%2C707 4x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 993px)" srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=155%2C201, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=310%2C403 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=465%2C604 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=45&resize=577%2C750 4x" type="image/jpeg"> <img class="wp-image-165384 size-portrait_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-gallery-grid-src-image" src="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6.jpg?quality=90&resize=556%2C723" width="556" height="723" data-crop-width="" data-crop-height="" alt="The Revelator features KTM's signature orange not only on the frame but on the DT Swiss carbon clinchers, too" title="1341592110802-1s46l1zov37rb-87e5bd6" style="width: auto; height: 100%;"> The Revelator features KTM’s signature orange not only on the frame but on the DT Swiss carbon clinchers, too Heiko Mandl / KTM

The top-end Revelator leads the way for KTM’s 2013 road line-up, just revealed in Austria, with carbon and alloy Stradas also catching the eye.

The last three years has seen some pretty exciting stuff from KTM, in both the mountain bike and road bike market. We spent two days in the beautiful town of Weissenbach with the KTM team to find out what they’re up to.

Revelator

Holding the flag high for KTM’s 2013 road bike range is the Revelator. High grade carbon is used to make these top-end frames featuring all the necessary elements to make a world-class bike. Noteworthy is the attention to strength and structure at the press-fit bottom bracket area of the frame. The particular use of carbon grade and lay-up techniques are planned in KTM’s Mattighofen headquarters in Austria, and then executed in one of three Far East factories. The end result is an ultra-responsive yet considerably comfortable race bike.

The Revelator will be made in three models, the Prime, using Premium grade carbon, and the Prestige and the Master, which both use Performance (medium) grade carbon. Here’s the spec on the Revelator range:

<source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569284-18vmc4vfr19ik-49dfcd3.jpg?quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/jpeg"> Looks fast, and is much faster than that: Heiko Mandl / KTM The Revelator Prime, with KTM’s signature orange highlights Revelator Prime – Shimano 11-speed Shimano Dura-Ace, tapered carbon fork, DT Swiss RC 46 C Carbon clincher rims (€5,999)

Revelator Prestige – Shimano 10-speed Ultegra Di2, tapered carbon fork, Mavic Ksyrium Elite wheelset (€3,999)

Revelator Master – Shimano 10-speed Ultegra, tapered carbon fork, DT Swiss R 23 Spline (€2,999)

Internal cable routing and beautifully crafted frame design combined with eye-catching graphics ensure that these bikes will turn heads.

Strada Carbon

KTM’s high-end road bike range is reinforced by their Strada Carbon range. For 2013, the Strada Carbon line-up will have six bikes, ranging from the Strada 3500 at €1899 supported by a Shimano 105 groupset, to the Strada 6000 at €4,199 with full Shimano Dura-Ace 11-speed group.

Key features on the bikes in this range include internal cable routing, tapered head tube and full carbon fork. KTM’s signature orange highlights the key lines and features of the bikes.

<source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590569332-muxvp4k7i6vz-9ca6666.jpg?quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/jpeg"> The strada 5000 ultegra: Heiko Mandl / KTM The Strada 5000 Strada Alloy

New for 2013, KTM added two bikes to the Strada Alloy range, the Strada 1000 and 2000. The frame has undergone some design and feature changes. The 1000 and 2000 offer an integrated fork that nicely matches the frame, creating a look usually only achieved using carbon frames and forks.

“We’ve not only focused on the high end bikes but also paid attention to the entry level bikes, the 2000 frame is triple-butted and [the entry-level] 1000 is plain gauge,” said Thomas Pressl, head of KTM’s Research and Development. “This is to meet what the customer requires as we’ve learned through research and development.”

Here’s how the alloy Stradas are specified:

Strada 2000 – Alloy triple-butted frame (cable integrated), carbon fork, Shimano 105 groupset (€1,399)

Strada 1000 – Alloy frame, carbon fork, Shimano Tiagra groupset with 105 rear derailleur (€1,099)

<source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=90&resize=300%2C200, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=600%2C400 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=900%2C600 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=1200%2C800 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 375px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=90&resize=355%2C237, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=710%2C473 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=1065%2C710 3x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=1420%2C947 4x" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(max-width: 425px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=90&resize=405%2C270, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=810%2C540 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=1215%2C810 3x" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?webp=true&quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/webp"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=90&resize=408%2C272, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=816%2C544 2x, https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/21/2019/03/1341590676565-1s17h44bk067i-dd5e793.jpg?quality=45&resize=1224%2C816 3x" type="image/jpeg"> Despite the obvious weight disadvantage the strada 2000 felt snappy and smooth: Heiko Mandl / KTM The Strada 2000 The new Strada Alloy 1000 and 2000 frames received a redesigning of the rear triangle. KTM named curved sections in the seat stays Flex Plate Technology.

“Curved flat sections in the seat stays give vertical bump comfort while retaining sideways stiffness and performance,” said Stefan Limbrunner, head of sales.